Mans Journey Into Self In Heart Of Darkness And Apocalypse Now Essays

Man's Journey into Self in Heart of Darkness and Apocalypse Now Inherent inside every human soul is a savage evil side that remains repressed by society. Often this evil side breaks out during times of isolation from our culture, and whenever one culture confronts another. History is loaded with examples of atrocities that have occurred when one culture comes into contact with another. Whenever fundamentally different cultures meet, there is often a fear of contamination and loss of self that leads us to discover more about our true selves, often causing perceived madness by those who have yet to discover. The Puritans left Europe in hopes of finding a new world to welcome them and their beliefs. What they found was a vast new world, loaded with Indian cultures new to them. This overwhelming cultural interaction caused some Puritans to go mad and try to purge themselves of a perceived evil. This came to be known as the Salem witch trials. During World War II, Germany made an attempt to overrun Europe. What happened when the Nazis came into power and persecuted the Jews in Germany, Austria and Poland is well known as the Holocaust. Here, human's evil side provides one of the scariest occurrences of this century. Adolf Hitler and his Nazi counterparts conducted raids of the ghettos to locate and often exterminate any Jews they found. Although Jews are the most widely known victims of the Holocaust, they were not the only targets. When the war ended, 6 million Jews, Slavs, Gypsies, homosexuals, Jehovah's Witnesses, Communists, and others targeted by the Nazis, had died in the Holocaust. Most of these deaths occurred in gas chambers and mass shootings. This gruesome attack was motivated mainly by the fear of cultural intermixing which would impurify the "Master Race." Joseph Conrad's book, The Heart of Darkness and Francis Coppola's movie, Apocalypse Now are both stories about Man's journey into his self, and the discoveries to be made there. They are also about Man confronting his fears of failure, insanity, death, and cultural contamination. During Marlow's mission to find Kurtz, he is also trying to find himself. He, like Kurtz had good intentions upon entering the Congo. Conrad tries to show us that Marlow is what Kurtz had been, and Kurtz is what Marlow could become. Every human has a little of Marlow and Kurtz in them. Marlow says about himself, "I was getting savage (Conrad)," meaning that he was becoming more like Kurtz. Along the trip into the wilderness, they discover their true selves through contact with savage natives. As Marlow ventures further up the Congo, he feels like he is traveling back through time. He sees the unsettled wilderness and can feel the darkness of it's solitude. Marlow comes across simpler cannibalistic cultures along the banks. The deeper into the jungle he goes, the more regressive the inhabitants seem. Kurtz had lived in the Congo, and was separated from his own culture for quite some time. He had once been considered an honorable man, but the jungle changed him greatly. Here, secluded from the rest of his own society, he discovered his evil side and became corrupted by his power and solitude. Marlow tells us about the Ivory that Kurtz kept as his own, and that he had no restraint, and was " a tree swayed by the wind (Conrad, 209)." Marlow mentions the human heads displayed on posts that "showed that Mr. Kurtz lacked restraint in the gratification of his various lusts (Conrad, 220)." Conrad also tells us "his... nerves went wrong, and caused him to preside at certain midnight dances ending with unspeakable rights, which... were offered up to him (Conrad, 208)," meaning that Kurtz went insane and allowed himself to be worshipped as a god. It appears that while Kurtz had been isolated from his culture, he had become corrupted by this violent native culture, and allowed his evil side to control him. Marlow realizes that only very near the time of death, does a person grasp the big picture. He describes Kurtz's last moments "as though a veil had been rent (Conrad, 239)." Kurtz's last "supreme moment of complete knowledge (Conrad, 239)," showed him how horrible the human soul really can be. Marlow can Mans Journey Into Self In Heart Of Darkness And Apocalypse Now Essays Man's Journey into Self in Heart of Darkness and Apocalypse Now English Man's Journey into Self in Heart of Darkness and Apocalypse Now Hu240 Inherent inside every human soul is a savage evil side that remains repressed by society. Often this evil side breaks out during times of isolation from our culture, and whenever one culture confronts another. History is loaded with examples of atrocities that have occurred when one culture comes into contact with another. Whenever fundamentally different cultures meet, there is often a fear of contamination and loss of self that leads us to discover more about our true selves, often causing perceived madness by those who have yet to discover. The Puritans left Europe in hopes of finding a new world to welcome them and their beliefs. What they found was a vast new world, loaded with Indian cultures new to them. This overwhelming cultural interaction caused some Puritans to go mad and try to purge themselves of a perceived evil. This came to be known as the Salem witch trials. During World War II, Germany made an attempt to overrun Europe. What happened when the Nazis came into power and persecuted the Jews in Germany, Austria and Poland is well known as the Holocaust. Here, human's evil side provides one of the scariest occurrences of this century. Adolf Hitler and his Nazi counterparts conducted raids of the ghettos to locate and often exterminate any Jews they found. Although Jews are the most widely known victims of the Holocaust, they were not the only targets. When the war ended, 6 million Jews, Slavs, Gypsies, homosexuals, Jehovah's Witnesses, Communists, and others targeted by the Nazis, had died in the Holocaust. Most of these deaths occurred in gas chambers and mass shootings. This gruesome attack was motivated mainly by the fear of cultural intermixing which would impurify the "Master Race." Joseph Conrad's book, The Heart of Darkness and Francis Coppola's movie, Apocalypse Now are both stories about Man's journey into his self, and the discoveries to be made there. They a re also about Man confronting his fears of failure, insanity, death, and cultural contamination. During Marlow's mission to find Kurtz, he is also trying to find himself. He, like Kurtz had good intentions upon entering the Congo. Conrad tries to show us that Marlow is what Kurtz had been, and Kurtz is what Marlow could become. Every human has a little of Marlow and Kurtz in them. Marlow says about himself, "I was getting savage (Conrad)," meaning that he was becoming more like Kurtz. Along the trip into the wilderness, they discover their true selves through contact with savage natives. As Marlow ventures further up the Congo, he feels like he is traveling back through time. He sees the unsettled wilderness and can feel the darkness of it's solitude. Marlow comes across simpler cannibalistic cultures along the banks. The deeper into the jungle he goes, the more regressive the inhabitants seem. Kurtz had lived in the Congo, and was separated from his own culture for quite some ti me. He had once been considered an honorable man, but the jungle changed him greatly. Here, secluded from the rest of his own society, he discovered his evil side and became corrupted by his power and solitude. Marlow tells us about the Ivory that Kurtz kept as his own, and that he had no restraint, and was " a tree swayed by the wind (Conrad, 209)." Marlow mentions the human heads displayed on posts that "showed that Mr. Kurtz lacked restraint in the gratification of his various lusts (Conrad, 220)." Conrad also tells us "his? nerves went wrong, and caused him to preside at certain midnight dances ending with unspeakable rights, which? were offered up to him (Conrad, 208)," meaning that Kurtz went insane and allowed himself to be worshipped as a god. It appears that while Kurtz had been isolated from his culture, he had become corrupted by this violent native culture, and allowed his evil side to control him. Marlow realizes that only very near the time of death, does a person gra sp the big picture. He describes Kurtz's last moments "as though a veil had been rent (Conrad, 239)." Kurtz's last

Biomass essays

Biomass essays Many factors contribute to the diversity of life in an environment. The availability of nutrients and sunlight, along with other factors that play a pivotal role in determining what and how much life an area can sustain. While studying the Second Law of Thermodynamics, it came to my attention that the classical pyramid shape of the producer, C1, C2, C3, biomass pyramid did little to take into account the amount of detrital input. I hypothesized that the amount detrital input greatly effected the number of C1, C2, and C3 consumers and thus the overall biodiversity of an ecosystem. Further, if you could find a test-bed where detrital input was the only real difference between two similar ecosystems you would find that organisms of each ecosystem would be adapted to the peculiar conditions. This adaptation would lead you to find vast differences in the taxonomic groups associated with each With this in mind, I first set out to find two similar ecosystems were I could test this hypothesis. Second, to sample, categorize and compare the diversity of these ecosystems along taxonomic lines. Next, I planned to use several of the widely accepted diversity indexes (Simpsons Index, Shannons Index the Chi-Square Test) to compare statistically, the diversity of my Scientific Law states that in order to test the effects of one factor in an equation you must eliminate all other factors . In order to test the detrital base as the limiting factor, all other limiting agents must be eliminated. In a field experiment this is technically impossible; though it is possible to come close by choosing two ecosystems that are very similar. In order to keep this experiment as simple as possible the ecosystem chosen had to be nearly self contained and small. The smaller and more contained the ecosystem the less chance for outside input that could destroy our results. Alazan and B...

Blockbuster Hbr Case

One of Blockbuster’s biggest value drivers is geographic location. Most people, especiall in urban areas live pretty close to a Blockbuster location. Availability of titles is also a value driver that not all video stores can provide. Their reputation is also a value driver. Economies of scale are one of Blockbuster’s largest cost drivers. The ability to negotiate with movie studios with leverage while their competitors can’t as effectively win lower prices for inventory purchases gives a huge advantage. The aforementioned reasons are ammunition to defened against competitors. Geographic location and leveraging the brand name recognition are two of the most important advantages that Blockbuster has that none of its competitors can easily overcome. After the formation of Blockbuster, the first major technological substitute to come along was the DVD (the digital versatile disc) and the DIVX (digital video express disc). There was a fierce battle between these two rival substitutes as they waged war. Both were looking to become the sole technology that would replace VHS. Blockbuster remained on the sidelines for the first few years after these technologies were introduced even though 8 major motion picture studios had committed to either DIVX or DVD (6 for DIVX and 2 for DVD) Once Antioco had made a decsion as to back DVD for a multitude of reasons, Blockbuster’s decision would lead to the demise of DIVX. Antico decided that DVD offered the most promise. They were more widespread, DVD player units were more readily available and they were cheaper. About a year after Blockbuster decided to back DVD, Circuit City decided to give up on the DIVX technology. Blockbuster also faced competition from consumer’s decsion to buy DVDs as opposed to renting them(sell through). Antioco saw this as a potential threat and decided to sell through used DVDs at a discount at Blockbuster stores. Along with some promotions, such as a free rental with the purchase of a movie, Antioco’s plan was expected to triple Blockbuster’s share of the video sales market. In 2003 Disney developed a technology much like DIVX called EZ-D. The plan was eliminate the return of rented videos as the disc would be discared 48 hours after opening because a chemical would render it useless. The technology ultimately failed as Blockbuster did not back the technology because for just a few dollars more (EZ-D discs retailed at $5-$7) consumers could outright purchase a DVD with unlimited use. One of the newest substitutes to threaten blockbuster is online video sales. This market is cannabilizing Blockbuster’s sell through numbers and Blockbuster is countering with their own online sales. Another is home delivery service. Even though this service had promise with more than a few firms, they all failed for a multitude of reasons and never posed a real threat. Netflix, a video subscription service with no late fees is also a substitute that Blockbuster is facing. After much initial success, Blockbuster decided to start their own subscription pricing model in which consumers can pay a flat fee each month for unlimitied rentals at their retail outlets. Eventually adding the feature where consumers can opt to either receive/return the discs through the mail similar to netflix or to receive/return them at a retail location to satisfy an immediate need. This option gives them a competitive advantage over Netflix.

System enhancement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

System enhancement - Essay Example re cases when the previous ticket is nicely documented, the engineer is even able to find troubleshooting commands as well as specifics on how to solve the customer’s issue. Escalation engineers are usually the best resort for the TAC engineer but, given the ratio of escalation persons to TAC engineers, a TAC engineer will ONLY reach out to his escalations when he doesn’t know the answer, or is unable to locate a Cisco document that would solve his issue and is not able to find a similar previous ticket or at least a previous ticket with valuable and relevant information. Topic tool, however, is at the TAC engineers’ disposal at any time and readily available with a tremendous amount of information. The real challenge is being able to search for the information you need and be able to find the answers you want on topic in the shortest time possible. The goal is not only to solve a case but to solve it quickly. Experience has shown that the more information added to the topic database and the shorter the time required to find that information equals the shorter the resolution time. This enhanced the overall customer’s experience with TAC. In some cases, the customer is a person with more experience than the TAC engineer himself but they still call in with a firm belief that their issue will be resolved because they know that a TAC engineer has the resources and will be able to find the answer from a previous ticket, filed notice, or a documented bug, all of which reside on our topic database. Out of all the resources available for TAC engineers there is consensus among TAC engineers that they get most of the answers to resolve their cases from the information found on the topic tool. The goal of this proposal is to make topic search a richer tool by adding more information to it, hence enabling TAC engineers to find solutions to a wider spectrum of issues. Based on my investigation, research and discussions with other engineers I found that an engineer

CV Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CV - Assignment Example I learnt that my career not only involved working at financial sectors such as banks but also in the corporate world. When I asked the interviewee about business administration, he said that it is made up of three levels. The first one is the top level management made up of board of directors and the CEO. The second one is the middle level management made up of branch managers, junior executives, and departmental heads. The third one is the lower level management that is made up of supervisors and foremen. However, the opinion of the interviewee on the business administration in the corporate world was that it kept on changing. Therefore, any person in the three management levels had to be dynamic and creative. When I inquired about what exactly employers look for in a fresh graduate, Mr. Upel Gamage said that a graduate should have good management skills. Upon being put for probation as cashiers, employers identify rational and critical thinkers in terms of management, and separate them from the rest. When I asked him about what I can do to make myself more marketable in the corporate world, he sa id that I needed to have the world under my feet by having as much information, dynamism and creativity as possible apart from undertaking my course subject. Therefore, getting attachment in various corporations was of paramount importance in obtaining information and experience. The most outstanding challenges of the profession were the fact that one had to perform because success was measured by statistics. I would like to register my sincere gratitude to you for accepting my interview. The brief interview I had with you has brought a total turnaround in my life because it has acted as an eye opener in my career life. I truly appreciate the fact that you spared some time off your busy schedule and you gave me priceless guidance. Just as you told me during the interview that

Whole Foods Market Essay Example for Free

Whole Foods Market Essay In 1980 Whole Foods Market made its introduction into the natural food industry. Overtime Whole Foods has captured the title of the world’s largest retailer of natural and organic foods, with 193 stores in 31 states, Canada, and the United Kingdom. The company targets locations with consumers that have a college degree and are more likely to focus on the importance of consuming natural products. As our economy continues to battle the recession Whole Foods will struggle with competitors that are offering similar products at lower prices. Whole Foods will need to invent a solution to maintain their position as the number one leading retailer of their industry.

Anorexia Essay -- essays research papers

The Causes and Effects of Anorexia   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When I think of anorexia, a few things come to mind. I think of really bad episodes of Beverly Hills 90210 and Baywatch in which females, ususally teenagers, starve themselves and take diet pills. The eating problem is always resolved within the timespan of one 30 minute episode. From the research I've done thus far on anorexia, I now know that this is a very unrealistic representation of what is actually a very serious disease.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The purpose of this study is twofold. First, I have done extensive research on the causes and effects of anorexia. Secondly, I will produce a survey that asks basic questions about anorexia. I will give these to young adults from the ages of 15 to 35. This will serve as my means to find out just how much people of that certain age group know about the potentially deadly disease of anorexia. This research is not only to inform myself about anorexia, but also to inform myself about the knowledge or lack thereof that young people have about the disease.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Most people believe that anorexia is mainly a young females' disease. This is not necessarily true. In fact, studies within the past few years show that male anorexia is about as widespread as in females. In actuality, 80 percent of the people diagnosed with anorexia over the age of 45 are males(Heywood, 1996). Other misconceptions are that ...

Existentialism of Samuel Beckett Essay

Samuel Beckett was a very astound Existentialist. Beckett’s work was essentially existentialist and consciously or unconsciously, his works were infused with the idea that things have no inherent meaning and that our fallacy is to perceive meaning in everything. Existential philosophy became prevalent in the twentieth century as a symbol of the destruction of culture and tradition following World War II, asserting the hopelessness of humanity and focusing on life in a more honest but pessimistic manner than other socialistic philosophies. The philosophy recognizes the fact that humankind is capable of great evil and has limitless possibilities. Existentialism is a philosophy that emphasizes the uniqueness and isolation of the individual experience in a hostile or indifferent universe, regards human existence as unexplainable, and stresses freedom of choice and responsibility for the consequences of one’s acts. It emphasizes the difference between human existence and that of inanimate objects. Existentialism was a term adopted by Jean-Paul Sartre. Existentialism was identified with a cultural movement that flourished in Europe in the 1940s and 1950s. Heidegger’s 1927 Being and Time, an inquiry into the â€Å"being that we ourselves are† (which he termed â€Å"Dasein,† a German word for existence), introduced most of the motifs that would characterize later existentialist thinking(Edward). One existentialist view is absolute individuality and absolute freedom. The Existentialist conceptions of freedom and value come from their view of an individual. Since we are all ultimately alone, isolated islands of subjectivity in an objective world, we have absolute freedom over our internal nature, and the source of our value can only be internal. I feel Beckett expressed this view in the expelled when the main character got thrown out of his apartment. He had no one he could turn to for help. He just started wondering the city not caring where he was going. He knew getting thrown out wasn’t the end for him because he controlled his own destiny. Another existentialist view is the view of human nature. Existentialism is defined by the slogan Existence precedes Essence. Meaning we have no predetermined nature or essence that controls what we are, what we do, or what is valuable for us. Human beings have no essential self; they are no more than what they appear. A person is basically born with a blank slate; humans have no uniform, predetermined principles or ethics common to all of mankind. Since there is no preformed essence or definition that exists for what it means to â€Å"be human,† a person must form conception of existence by asserting control of and responsibility for their actions and choices. Consequently, a human being gains essence through individual choices and actions. It is solely through the process of living that one defines one’s self(Existence Precedes Essence). I feel Beckett expressed this point heavily in â€Å"Krapp’s Last Tape†. The character was an older man listening to a tape of when he was younger. He could listen to the way he use to think, act and be as a younger man. He was also able to see how his past had affected his life in the present but he still had no idea what laid ahead of him. That is way he made this tape’s so he could remind in self in the future what he thought lay ahead of him in the past. He knew to always go back and listen to the tapes to ponder on what he had made for himself and no had predetermined it. Existentialist encourage us to consider, in a personal way, the meaning of living authentically and inauthentically(Oaklander). Man is the only known being, according to the philosophers, that defines itself merely through the act of living. First you exist, and then the individual emerges as he makes life decisions. Freedom of choice, through which each human being creates their own nature, is one of the basic themes. Because individuals are free to choose their own way, Existentialist have argued that they must accept the risk they choose to take and responsibility of their actions. Those people that follow this believe they are in a world that does not always make sense, a world that is filled with uncertainty where well-intended actions can become obscure and chaotic. In basic existentialist beliefs, man is the only animal defining itself through life. Without life, there is no meaning. Existentialist believe in life and fighting for it. While fighting for life, each person must face important and difficult decisions with only limited knowledge and time in which to make these decisions. Human life is seen as a series of decisions that must be made without knowing what the correct choice is. They must decide what standards to except and which ones to reject. Individuals must make their own choices without help from external standards. Humans are free and completely responsible for their choices. Their freedom and responsibility is thrust upon them and they are â€Å"condemned to be free†. Existentialist belief people are responsible for their actions, decisions and beliefs which caused them anxiety. They try to escape by ignoring or denying their responsibility. To have a meaningful life one must become fully aware of his true self and his situation and bravely accept it. Yet other existentialist thought dictates every person spends a lifetime changing his or her essence. Without life there can be no meaning, the search for meaning in existentialism is the search for self. In other words, we define ourselves by living, killing yourself would indicate you have chosen to have no meaning. Existentialist believe in living, in fact fighting for life. In Molloy I feel Beckett expressed this believe many times. First, at the beginning when his mother was dying and dead. He stated â€Å"I have her room. I sleep in her bed. I piss and shit in her pot. † this says to me that even though she had died he had to continue living his life. Also in Expelled Becket had traces of this theme. At the end when he left the cabdrivers carriage in the morning. I felt he was portraying that he used the cabdriver. He just needed a place to stay the night. The next morning he got up and left without saying anything. He got what he needed to survive the night then continued on his life. Samuel Beckett always used the Quote â€Å"a step from the cradle to the grave†. I feel this Quote means that you are only a split second away from dying. Even when you’re a new born one thing could go wrong and you’re died. Beckett used this saying in many of his writings. One time he used this saying was in the Expelled. He said â€Å"In what had just happened to me there was nothing in the least memorable. It was neither the cradle nor the game of anything whatever. Or rather it resembled so many other cradles, so many other graves, that I’m lost. † the character could not remember anything in life. He could not till if he was at the cradle of his life or the grave because they are so close together in life. Existentialism was a very big part of way Samuel Beckett was such a great writer. His works were infused with the idea that things have no inherent meaning and that our fallacy is to perceive meaning in everything which is way his stories where so great. He was also one of the last people to write in that form. After researching this subject I plan on studying Existentialism more in depth. Works cited 1. Barsoum Diane. Existentialism and the Philosophical Tradition 2. Edward N. Zalta, Standford encyclopedia of philosophy 3. Existence Precedes Essence: Jean-Paul Sartre’s Existentialism and Human Emotions Online at:http://www. associatedcontent. com/article/186425/existence_precedes_essence_jeanpaul. html? cat=38 4. Grene, Marjorie. Introduction To Existentialism. 5. Oaklander, L. Nathan, Existentialist Philosophy an Introduction.

Personal Professional Effectiveness Essay

Confidentiality can be defined quite simply as a set of rules or a promise that limits access or places restrictions on certain types of information, but in this assessment, we are trying to draw the connection between confidentiality and the links it as to my specific field of nursing as also the substantial impact it as on my role. Being more precise than broaden in defining what confidentiality means in my field of work, patient confidentiality is when the right of an individual patient to have personal, identifiable medical information kept private; such information should be available only to the physician of record and other health care and insurance personnel as necessary. It safeguards personal and/or medical information given to a health care provider making sure that it will not be disclosed to others unless the patient has given informed consent. This is becoming extremely difficult to ensure in an age of electronic medical records and third-party insurance payers, which is why I have chosen to choses to theme especially, to express my own concerns. The main focus of this assignment is to amplify our knowledge and understanding of the profession, ethical and legal issues that are associated with providing good care to patients in a health and care setting. This assignment is aimed to look at the issue of confidentiality, which is a highly imperative topic to use when I practice. I thought it was essential to write about confidentiality as it is something that everyone is entitled to, but don’t necessarily get which goes against some of the acts and legislations that will later be talked about further into the assignment. I defiantly want to single out this topic in relation to older adults. Through my training, which I admit I have done a few times myself; we forget that some adults do not have the ability to apply confidentiality to themselves. For example, a patient has asked for their moist bed sheets to be changed due to an accident that they had and repeating that information to others without taking the patients thoughts or feelings into consideration may have an substantial effect. Easy mistake, however confidentiality needs to be upheld to the highest and applied at all times. The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC, 2009), The Code: Standards of conduct (2008) enthuses, guides nurses, and midwifes to allow people to have the right knowledge about who they share information with and how we would go about it to provide the right care. It also enforces that we must disclose information if necessary, if we are to think the patient might be at risk or a risk to someone else, which entwines with the Data protection Act (1998) which will later be discussed. Guides such as these can defiantly influence the level of care in a positive way and the way we work with confidentiality. Accountability According to the NMC, The Code its states that as professionals/ student nurses we are liable for our own actions and omissions in our health and care setting, alongside being able to justify the reasons for making these decisions. This is also supported by Griffith and Tengnah (2010) which acknowledges the same grounds. In terms of confidentiality and accountability, I will be using the defined subject of record keeping as I think it is a key factor towards good practice.â€Å" Accountability is integral to professional practice. As nurses, we do make many decisions and it is important that we take responsibility to maintain that care. We are duty bound by the policies and procedures that administrate our health and care profession. It is important that I know my limitations and know that once this relationship is established we have a duty of care to ensure that we provide what is expected. If this is breached, we can cause injury to our patients and as a student nurse my mentor and myself are accountable for my actions as they oversee the care that I give towards the patient at hand. â€Å"The law imposes a duty of care on practitioners, whether they are HCAs, APs, students, registered nurses, doctors or others, when it is ‘reasonably foreseeable’ that they might cause harm to patients through their actions or  their failure to act (Cox, 2010).† The patients look up to us and are dependent on our expertise and knowledge by placing their health and wellbeing in our hands (Department of Health 2003). It is essential that we don’t abuse and neglect this trust as it will can cause additional problems to both the nurse and the patients. For example, the patients may avoid getting further treatments or being seen by a health service because of the negative experience that they have had previously before. Ethics Ethics is a philosophy that identifies between right and the wrong acts or decision that is in relation to an individual. How we all interpret, ethics will be different to the next as it is rather an individual principal he/she may lives by. Ethics is universal and is used in every profession; however it is built on our own morals and values. The NMC does not state specifically about ethics, however through the acts, our governing body has provided laws and legislations, implying that ethics should be included throughout nursing. It’s a certain code that should be followed but due to people’s morals and values it’s sometimes dismissed and not up taken to its highest importance. There are certain elements of confidentiality that are not fully covered by the law are things such as gossiping about what a friend had discussed with you. Ethically it’s argued that what that individual done was wrong but because the law does not cover it, it may not be seen as something serious. However discussing professional issues, information that has been discussed with you by a patient in your professional role is against the code of conduct which is covered by the NMC. We have to safeguard our patients. Disclosing patients information is also against the law, and if found guilty the nurse is most likely to be suspended following investigation and if the severity of the claim is over-whelming then he/she will be fired. Law’s such as HIPAA (1996) guidelines (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) protects the privacy of the patient’s personal information allowing identifiable information private. The guideline like the one all the other laws regulate that states that those who do not comply can either be suspended whilst investigations are carried out or be relieved  of their duty completely. In twining both law and ethics, we have a duty to disclose any information that we might have about their health, progress or risks etc. They have the right to know and we cannot take that right away from them because we think different, by discussing these disclosures the ethical principle or B Beneficence found by Beauchamp and Childress (2008) suggests that we should allow them to access this information to benefit them and empower our patients. Beauchamp and Childress (2008) suggests’ that there are four principles that can possibly structure a guide when looking at ethical decision making. These four consists of Autonomy, Non-maleficence, Beneficence and also Justice which they consider to be at the centre of the health and social profession. It proposes that there are three types of rules for guiding actions when using it. Some of the imperative and substantive rules consist of truth telling, confidentiality which is our main focus in this assignment, privacy and fidelity. Authority rules are the ones that favour who are capable and ought to perform those actions. Finally, it states that Procedural rules establish procedures to be followed. Non-maleficence obliges that no harm should be caused and forced onto patients whether it was intentionally inflicted or by accident. Non-maleficence can easily be linked with confidentiality as having poor confidentiality can be regarded as clinical carelessness and negligence which can cause harm to the patients. Having inappropriate undisclosed information breaches the duty of care. The NMC (2010) states that safeguarding is a part of our daily nursing practices in whatever setting we happened to be in. In addition to that, as a nurse whether we are qualified or not it’s part of our role to be too able to identify when something is unsuitable and manage situations effectively. This can be because a person that is in my care is at risk, whether they have been mistreated or neglect and also if there has been poor practice. This can link closely with The Mental Capacity Act (2005), making sure that we are taking note of autonomy if they not able to have the right mental capaci ty. However, through my training I have come across myself breaching confidentially. This was not an intentional act but after the shift, I still managed to have the handover sheet for that day still slipped into my side pocket without realising when I got home. This breaches confidentiality as that information should not have been taken outside the ward, and if someone else found it, it could put that patient at risk. In addition to that I am encouraging patients information to be disclosed to people they font know. Upon noticing this, I realised straight away of the consequences and made sure that I disclosed of the information properly. On the other hand, Beneficence refers to actions that are implemented that can possibly contribute and help the well-being of others. It holds two principles which is that positive beneficence necessitates the provision of benefits and also utility requires that the benefits and drawbacks are balanced. The main thing that we should give to every patient is respect and autonomy which allows them to have a freedom of choice. We, as professionals should not discharge that even if it came to a situation where we disagreed. A good example of this is during my practice I’ve seen that to some abortion might be seen as wrong ethically, however, the law accepts it making it legal to do. We cannot tamper with that, and if a riot was formed against it, it would be seen as an act against the law and would be taken seriously as they are disturbing the peace. It’s hard to judge sometimes what is wrong from right but we have to stick to the rules that are placed before us. Law Patients have a right to expect that information about them will be held in confidence by their doctors/nurses. You must treat information about patients as confidential, including after a patient has died. This duty of confidence is derived from common law the decisions of the Courts and statues which are passed in parliament. The common law of confidentiality applies to anyone who discloses information in a way that constitutes a breach of confidence. Common law are hardly written in statutes but as been established by court decisions over time which to me indicate that a breach  of confidence will be unlawful if the data is not in the public domain. It is in some way sensitive or significant the data was obtained in circumstances when an obligation to keep it in confidence might be expected (a good example is nurse -patient relationship). Use of the data is unauthorised but that a breach may be lawful if justified by being in the public interest, if a data use is not a breach of confidence then it will normally also not constitute and infringement of the right to respect for private life under the Human Rights Act 1998. Even if a data use is not a breach of confidence, you will still need to be sure you comply with the conditions of the Data Protection Act 1998 (DPA). Similarly, compliance with the DPA does not necessarily guarantee that there can be no breach of confidence. Now in relation to statues on confidentiality you must disclose information to satisfy a specific statutory requirement, such as notification of a known or suspected case of certain infectious diseases. Various regulatory bodies have statutory powers to access patients’ records as part of their duties to investigate complaints, accidents or health professionals’ fitness to practise. You should satisfy yourself that any disclosure sou ght is required by law or can be justified in the public interest. Many regulatory bodies have codes of practice governing how they will access and use personal information. Most if profession if not all abide by the data protection act (1998) it governs the processing of information that identifies living individuals. Processing includes holding, obtaining, recording, using and disclosing of information and the Act applies to all forms of media, including paper and electronic. Poor record keeping is inexcusable and unprofessional by any reasonable and sensible person. A health professional record is the only this that is a legal nonverbal form of communication which is conformation of the care that has been given to that patient. Which links back to accountability, by using record keeping effectively their professional accountability won’t be judged and questioned. The courts embrace that if there is no identification or it has been recorded, it simply has not been taken place (Owen, 2005) Other legislations for example The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act (1990), The Mental Capacity Act (2005) and The Computer Misuse Act (1990), all have their individual importance but the  one that relates more to my field in nursing is disclosure. Relating back to my time in practice I myself have seen the data protection act broken several times. I came across a nurse who was giving out unwanted information to a member of public, even though it was a family member of the gentleman it was not accepted as he did not agreed to this. The Nursing Midwifery Council defined disclosure as the giving of information. One aspect of privacy is supposed to be that individuals have the right to control access to their own personal health information. Disclosure is only lawful and ethical if the individual has given consent to the information being passed on such consent must be freely and fully given. Consent to disclosure of confidential information maybe explicitly implied required by law or capable of justification due to the public interest. The NMC states, ‘The common law of confidentiality reflects that people have a right to expect that information given to a nurse or midwife is only used for the purpose for which it was given and will not be disclosed without permission’. According to the NMC it identifies that confidentiality is a fundamental part of professional practice that protects human rights which is identified in article 8 (right to respect for private and family life). Therefore, it meant not respecting the clients wishes and also defeating the act. I have also seen on a few occasions members of staff not logging out of the system, with patients information there on the screen for anyone to look at. This information is secure for a reasons and not logging out can be an easy mistake on a busy ward. Nevertheless, it is essential to keep that information to those who are permitted to see it. However, there are times where information can be disclosed under the law. Such as the Police and Criminal Evidence Act (1984) which permits healthcare professionals to pass on data and information to the police if they believe that someone may be of been harmed or more fatal, death, may occur if the police are not informed. This links closely with safeguarding and also accountability. Due to the professional duty we have we have to report these kinds of things if observed. Disclosure to third parties is when information is shared with other people that are not directly linked with the individuals care. Nurses have to ensure that those of the third party are informed properly. . People in the care of a nurse or midwife have a right to object to the use and disclosure of confidential information in this case. However, it’s essential  that they need to be made aware of this and completely understand its implications and backfires. Information that can possibly identify individual’s information that is in the care of a nurse must not be used or disclosed. Conclusion In conclusion, from undertaking this assignment I am now able to apply the knowledge that I have gained from this important topic into practice. It has allowed me to see how simple and easily confidentiality can be broken when not focussing on what’s important which is the patient. Their needs need to go first whether it’s their health, their safety or their care. I am in a privileged position where I am respected and trusted by others it’s imperative that it is not abused under any circumstance. It’s essential that I implement these acts and legislations when caring for my clients so I can give them the best quality of care possible. I was able to develop an awareness of my own and others professionals role and boundaries in safeguarding individuals that may be vulnerable. The three elements that were discussed, accountability, law and ethics are the heart of nursing. Directing our attention on these elements can help to support to create boundaries and moralities in the health and care setting, making it a more safer and reliable with accountable staff. As a nurse I would need to be competent to deal with professional issues, ethical and legal issues that I may come across during my training. I have produced a SWOT analysis table to devise my learning from this assignment. Strengths: Weaknesses: Able to use information to the best of its ability and apply it to certain situations such as when to know how to safeguard a patient, disclose information etc. Trying to uncover problems and knowing how to report it as its part of my duty of care. Be able to demonstrate that I am making sure that the patients that I am caring for are my first concern and priority. Being able to be focussed at all times to notice when I might break confidentiality, for example taking a handover sheet home by accident and not disposing of it properly. Not be able to be confident at periods to engage with other members to tell them if I have seen confidentiality being broken as I might think it might lead myself to be in trouble Having the confidence to tell someone that is senior that what they are doing is wrong (such as a mentor or colleague), it might shape my learning in practice differently Opportunities: Threats: It allows me to strengthen my knowledge about the Acts, Laws and Legislations and apply them. Allows me to research and read about other laws, acts and legalisations that I can implement into my practice Able me to witness different types of situations through the experiences where confidentiality might have been broken Working in a team will allow me to take on and digest different peoples personality and behaviours, which I can apply to my everyday life and also most importantly my work in how they keep confidentiality In me being able to analysis certain situation and give my best evaluation on certain problems I think it will help me judge on good and bad situations and how to deal with them To understand that people around me can lead me to break confidentiality, so making sure that I notice these things because I can be involved without knowing Reference Adrian O’Dowd. (2013). HCAs and patient confidentiality. Available: http://www.nursingtimes.net/whats-new-in-nursing/unison/hcas-and-patient-confidentiality/5000408.article. Last accessed 24th May 2013. Anne Mehnke. (2010). Managing a breach in patient confidentiality. Available: http://journals.lww.com/nursingcriticalcare/Fulltext/2010/07000/Managing_a_breach_in_patient_confidentiality.12.aspx. Last accessed 22rd May 20013. British Association for Counselling & Psychotherapy. (2013). Respecting privacy and confidentiality. Available: http://www.bacp.co.uk/ethical_framework/ETHICAL%20FRAMEWORK%20(BSL%20VERSION)/Respectingprivacyandconfidentiality%20.php. Last accessed 24th May 2013. College of Registered Nurses of British Columbia. (2010). Privacy and Confidentiality.Available: https://www.crnbc.ca/Standards/Lists/StandardResources/400ConfidentialityPracStd.pdf. Last accessed 22rd May 20013. D, Marijke . (2013). HIPAA Privacy Rule & Patient Confidentiality.Available: http://nu rsinglink.monster.com/education/articles/2370-hipaa-privacy-rule-patient-confidentiality. Last accessed 24th May 2013. E Notes. (2013). Patient Confidentiality. Available: http://www.enotes.com/patient-confidentiality-reference/patient-confidentiality-172269. Last accessed 24th May 2013. General Medical Counsil. (2009). Confidentiality. Available: http://www.gmc-uk.org/guidance/ethical_guidance/confidentiality.asp. Last accessed 22rd May 20013. Health and human development. (2013). Theoretical Approaches To Health Care Ethics. Available: http://www.personal.psu.edu/dxm12/n458/index.htm. Last accessed 22rd May 20013. Legislation.gov. (2013). Computer Misuse Act 1990. Available: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1990/18/contents. Last accessed 20th May

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